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rantng
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Mar 18, 2018
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Found this interesting article here - https://www.boxcast.com/blog/balanced-vs.-unbalanced-audio-whats-the-difference
Balanced Vs. Unbalanced Audio: What's The Difference?
Anyone who’s dipped their toes into the waters of live audio production knows that various small things have a huge impact on sound quality. For example, did you know that every cable you use in your production setup has the potential to add noise to your audio feed? It’s important to understand audio cables – and how they’re made – to properly assess which one is right for the job.In this post, we’ll discuss the types of signals that different cables carry. As you’ll soon learn, they can either be balanced or unbalanced. This post dives deeper into what balanced and unbalanced audio means. Unbalanced Audio (2 Wires) An audio cable carrying an unbalanced signal uses two wires: a signal and a ground.The signal wire, as the name suggests, carries the audio signal to where it needs to go. The ground wire acts as a reference point for the signal. However, the ground wire itself also acts like an antenna, picking up unwanted noise along the way.
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Because unbalanced cables can pick up noise as a signal is sent along the cable, they’re best used for short distances, like connecting a guitar to a nearby amp. Doing so will minimize the risk for unwanted noise.Where does the noise come from?Noise can come from a variety of electrical and radio interferences, but it most commonly comes from power cables, which can create a humming sound if they are near cables carrying unbalanced audio. Older, non-LED stage lighting (for example, spotlights or dimmers) can also add signal interference.NOTE: The best technique for reducing noise when using unbalanced cables is to be careful with cable placement. A single perpendicular crossing of power & audio cables is much better than a parallel run.  If parallel cannot be avoided, leave as much space as possible between audio and power cables. Unbalanced Cable Types: RCA Cables RCA Audio Cables are an unbalanced analog audio connection that sends stereo audio over a right channel (red tip) and left channel (white or black tip). Because they’re unbalanced, they typically don’t run over 25 feet.
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Quarter Inch TS Cables Quarter inch TS (tip, sleeve) cables are generally used for unbalanced signals. These are most commonly used with electric guitars, which often output to an amplifier. The diagram above shows how the cable works.
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BALANCED AUDIO (3 WIRES): The structure of a balanced audio cable is similar to an unbalanced cable – with one addition. A balanced audio cable has a ground wire, but it also carries two copies of the same incoming audio signal, sometimes referred to as a “hot” (positive) and “cold” (negative) signal.
What’s the difference between the hot and cold signal?The two signals are reversed in polarity, so as they travel down the cable, they cancel each other out (think of how adding positive and negative numbers of equal value amounts to zero).
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Once the hot and cold signal get to the other end of the cable, however, the polarity of the cold signal is flipped, so that both signals are “in phase”, and perfectly in sync.Here’s the cool part: if the cable picks up noise along the way, the noise added to both of those cables is not reversed in polarity. So when the cold signal flips in polarity to match the polarity of the hot signal, the noise carried along the cold signal cancels out with noise in the hot signal. This "canceling out" process is called "common-mode rejection," with the noise being the "common" signal between the two.Because balanced signals send two “in-phase” signals, they’re also louder (roughly 6 to 10db) than what unbalanced signals can provide. Balanced Cable Types: XLR XLR cables can send balanced audio signals up to 200 feet. As you see in the diagram above, there are three male pins inside the connector – the groundwire, the hot signal, and the cold signal.
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Quarter-Inch TRS A quarter-inch TRS cable is another balanced professional audio cable. TRS stands for Tip, Ring, Sleeve, and can be used to send either mono (balanced) or stereo (unbalanced) signals. You’ll see in the above diagram how each one plays a role in the structure of a balanced signal.
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A common misconception:Sometimes people confuse balanced audio signals with left/right right stereo balance, which is when audio is split into a left channel and right channel. This can be confusing because the connectors shown above can carry either balanced signals or unbalanced stereo signals (left and right channels).Note: While it is less common, XLR and TRS cables are also capable of carrying unbalanced, stereo audio (both left and right channels on one cable) to a destination. They are however, still susceptible to the noise that unbalanced signals are prone to in these scenarios. The Wrap Up In conclusion, we’re strong advocates of balanced audio cables. They’re less susceptible to noise and provide a more reliable signal that is stronger over long distances. If you find yourself in a situation that requires unbalanced audio cabling, make sure to cross them perpendicularly to any power cable they may encounter.
Mar 18, 2018
sailcat
105
Mar 18, 2018
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rantngInteresting article! Thanks for posting it!
Mar 18, 2018
davehutch
23
Mar 18, 2018
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rantngThanks for posting this. It's important to say that this article is not referring to 'balanced headphones' or 'balanced headphone amplifier outputs' as that is totally different. Good explanation for balanced audio though
Mar 18, 2018
mikenai1987
0
Mar 18, 2018
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rantngthank you for sharing this article. learnt something about balanced and unbalanced audio. by the way, just to clarify, closed and open headphones is something separate from balanced and unbalanced audio correct?
abit off topic, i have been putting off if it is worth spending on a headphone instead of smaller portable earbuds.
Mar 18, 2018
davehutch
23
Mar 18, 2018
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mikenai1987Yes, Open and Closed headphones refer to the construction of the ear cups. Open headphones allow sound in and out from the outside world, but allow the driver to ‘breathe’ leading to generally wider soundstage and a feeling of airyness about the sound. Closed back headphones are sealed from the outside world so tend to have the opposite effects to open backed headphones
Mar 18, 2018
mikenai1987
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Mar 18, 2018
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davehutchThanks Dave. (However in SG, the weather makes headphones abit uncomfortable after sometime.)
Just another small question, the +ve and -ve sound signals is generated by the hardware (i.e. DAC from respective hardwares with the correct output terminals) and not from the audio source right?
Mar 18, 2018
davehutch
23
Mar 18, 2018
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mikenai1987Think of the +ve as the path the signal takes as it travels to the transducer (coil that moves the diaphragm). The -ve is simply the path it takes back into the amp. The audio signal is an alternating signal so varies between -ve and +ve voltage, which either pushes or pulls the diaphragm to create air pressure and therefore, sound
Mar 18, 2018
mikenai1987
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Mar 18, 2018
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davehutchoh. I thought it was signals generated from the source to the input. Thanks Dave for sharing.
Mar 18, 2018
davehutch
23
Mar 19, 2018
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mikenai1987I'm not sure I answered your question correctly. Can you ask it again in a different way?
Mar 19, 2018
mikenai1987
0
Mar 19, 2018
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davehutchYup you did, i just thought initially that both +ve and -ve signals are generated from the source equipment to the input audio equipment. When you explained that, if i interpreted it correctly to obtain the balanced audio. +ve signal is from source equipment (i.e. dac) -ve signal is from input audio equipment (i.e. headphone)
Mar 19, 2018
davehutch
23
Mar 19, 2018
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mikenai1987Don't think of it as +ve and -ve cables. It's a continuous, varying voltage travelling down the signal core of the cable and going back into the amp down the 'return' side of the cable. The signal itself varies between being above zero volts (+ve) and below zero volts (-ve). Read this: https://www.head-fi.org/threads/what-are-balanced-headphones.518138/page-2#post-13324817
Mar 19, 2018
mikenai1987
0
Mar 19, 2018
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davehutchokays, thanks.
Mar 19, 2018
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